{"id":239,"date":"2020-04-23T10:29:47","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T10:29:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/?p=239"},"modified":"2021-01-17T12:15:56","modified_gmt":"2021-01-17T12:15:56","slug":"the-universal-periodic-review-procedure-does-it-add-value-in-implementing-human-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/the-universal-periodic-review-procedure-does-it-add-value-in-implementing-human-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"The Universal Periodic Review Procedure: Does it Add Value in implementing Human Rights?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Riya Gulati | University College Dublin, Ireland | 18th October 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>The Universal\nPeriodic Review is a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/UPR\/Pages\/UPRMain.aspx\">distinctive mechanism <\/a>\u00a0whereby\nthe human rights records of all the UN member states are reviewed periodically.\nIt requires all the member states to report to the Human Rights Council\nirrespective of the fact whether any human rights violation has taken place or\nnot. It is broader in concept as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.upr-info.org\/en\/upr-process\/what-is-it\">normative basis<\/a> for the state is not just restricted to the UN\nhuman rights treaties but it also includes UN Charter, the UDHR and voluntary\npledges taken by the states to adhere to human rights protection. This system maintains\naccountability as it authorizes the Council to conduct UPR based on well-\nfounded information of the fulfilment of human rights obligations by all the\nmember states in a way that assures gross coverage and equality of all the\nstates by virtue of <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.ohchr.org\/english\/bodies\/hrcouncil\/docs\/A.RES.60.251_En.pdf\">resolution 60\/251<\/a>.Unlike in<a href=\"https:\/\/elearning.ucd.ie\/bbcswebdav\/pid-1356842-dt-content-rid-6027754_1\/courses\/LAW40790\/InternationalHumanRights_Ch41.pdf\"> treaty bodies<\/a> where only the parties to the treaty are\nreviewed within the specific area of that particular treaty, the UPR is wider\nin its scope as it covers broad range of human rights and supervises all the UN\nmember states. The <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.ohchr.org\/english\/bodies\/HRTD\/docs\/HCReportTBStrengthening.pdf\">problem<\/a> of insufficient or non- reporting, lack of\ncooperation and coordination between the treaty bodies, lack of engagement and\npublicity, inadequate or poor follow-up procedures and immense backlogs which\nexists in the State Periodic Reporting Procedure under the UN Human Rights Treaty\nSystem have been tackled by the UPR process in an efficient manner. All the\nmember states are treated equally when it comes to their human rights\nassessment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>The UPR mechanism\ninvolves a <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ie\/books?id=9bOcAQAAQBAJ&#038;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&#038;q=737&#038;f=false\">\u201cpeer review method\u201d<\/a> whereby the states undertake the review\nprocess instead of experts and the reporting state do possess a bit control\nover the outcome. The review of the state is facilitated by three states\n(troikas) who acts as a Rapporteurs. It also permits any member state to\nparticipate in the discussion with the reviewed state by putting forward their\ncomments, recommendations and questions. It not only deals with human rights\nviolation cases but it also assesses the human rights records of every member\nstates in order to revamp the protection and promotion of human rights\ncondition. It also provides technical support to the states and <a href=\"http:\/\/ap.ohchr.org\/documents\/E\/HRC\/resolutions\/A_HRC_RES_6_17.pdf\">voluntary fund<\/a> to the underdeveloped countries in order to\nfacilitate them in enacting UPR recommendations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Critics have argued\nthat the \u2018added value\u201d of the UPR to other human rights mechanisms (treaty\nbodies and special procedures) is \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frouville.org\/Publications_files\/NewChallenges-deFrouville.pdf\">far from being proved<\/a>\u201d as it has been observed that there is no\nsynergy between them and the \u00a0laborious\nefforts of\u00a0 the human rights mechanisms\nis completely recapitulated, simplified and diluted. The UPR is overcasting the\nefforts of special procedures and treaty bodies as it is duplicating their work\nand the public and media recognizes the UN human rights system with UPR. The\nprinciple as set out under <a href=\"http:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/iwraw\/Inst-building-UN.pdf\">Resolution 5\/1, Annex, para 3(f)<\/a> provides that the UPR should \u201ccomplement and\nnot duplicate other mechanisms and thus providing an added value.\u201d Egan argued\nin <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomsburyprofessional.com\/uk\/international-human-rights-perspectives-from-ireland-9781784510664\/\">International Human Rights: Perspectives from\nIreland<\/a> (Ch. 5), that\nUPR does not duplicate rather it complements the work of treaty bodies and\nspecial procedure mandate holders as the UPR relies on the document produced by\nthe OHCHR who compiles the recommendations and observations of the treaty\nbodies and the special procedure mandate holders and this is how the coaction\nbetween the two exists. Similarly, Collister <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ie\/books?id=wQREBgAAQBAJ&#038;pg=PA109&#038;lpg=PA109&#038;dq=Rituals+and+Implementation+in+the+Universal+Periodic+Review+and+the+Human+Rights+Treaty+Bodies+collister&#038;source=bl&#038;ots=jyl5ldf-BQ&#038;sig=Yu-xbFF-3VhcZLoWLYl2FMQ1jNQ&#038;hl=en&#038;sa=X&#038;ved=0ahUKEwjkw8zGgePSAhWpKsAKHdL3CUMQ6AEILzAD#v=snippet&#038;q=collister&#038;f=false\">\u00a0argued<\/a> that the UPR system do not subvert the other\nhuman rights mechanisms as the strength of UPR relies on the work of treaty\nbodies. Connors and Schmidt have <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ie\/books?id=YkcXAgAAQBAJ&#038;printsec=frontcover&#038;dq=international+human+rights+law+moeckli&#038;hl=en&#038;sa=X&#038;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&#038;q=364&#038;f=false\">argued<\/a> that the UPR system is complementary to and\nnot in competition with the treaty bodies\u2019 procedure. As at the time of review,\nthe council members do inquire from the states about their follow up actions to\nthe treaty body recommendations. It has been observed that either before the\nUPR process or as a consequence of recommendations, the states have started complying\nand cooperating with the treaty bodies by submitting their reports, ratifying\nthe treaties and withdrawing the reservations to treaties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Critics have also\n<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ie\/books?id=YkcXAgAAQBAJ&#038;pg=PA359&#038;lpg=PA359&#038;dq=united+nations+jane+connors+and+markus+schmidt&#038;source=bl&#038;ots=s6uAEe_Eqh&#038;sig=O0P6dJMbZDdfTFRa1WQFy-jFuyk&#038;hl=en&#038;sa=X&#038;ved=0ahUKEwjsifeIiePSAhWFC8AKHVMfCjMQ6AEISzAI#v=onepage&#038;q=unitednationsjaneconnorsandmarkusschmidt&#038;f=false\">argued<\/a> that in order to escape from negative UPR\nassessment,\u00a0 the state under review makes\nsure that the friendly governments appreciate their human rights record and do\nnot put forward any negative remark even if there exists any human rights violations\nin that state. To this, the role of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.upr-info.org\/en\/how-to\/role-ngos\">NGOs<\/a> and civil societies come into picture.\nAlthough, the NGOs cannot participate in the interactive dialogue process of\nthe UPR but the NGOs behind the scenes contact and lobby the diplomats of other\nstates so that they can put forward and bring to their attention the human\nrights violation occurring in their state and ask them to address these issues\nat the time of interactive dialogue process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frouville have\nalso<a href=\"http:\/\/www.frouville.org\/Publications_files\/NewChallenges-deFrouville.pdf\"> argued<\/a> that as UPR is a political process, it is\nchallenging for a political body to address legal issues. And also the recommendations\ngiven by the states are not binding. The state under review can reject the\nrecommendations that are binding on it. But as per HRC Resolution <a href=\"https:\/\/www.upr-info.org\/sites\/default\/files\/general-document\/pdf\/a_hrc_res_5_1_e.pdf\">A\/HRC\/RES\/5\/1<\/a>, the state under review can either accept or\nnote the recommendations but they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.upr-info.org\/en\/how-to\/state-under-review\">cannot deny them<\/a> without any reasonable justification. The UPR\nsystem do supervises the plight of human rights in all the member states on an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.frouville.org\/Publications_files\/NewChallenges-deFrouville.pdf\">equal footing<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed, the UPR is\nan effective mechanism for bolstering the protection and promotion of all the\nhuman rights as it regulates and supervises the activities of all the member\nstates of the UN. The scope of UPR is much wider than the treaty bodies and\nspecial procedures. Although, the recommendations of the treaty bodies and\nspecial procedure mandate holders plus the stakeholders reports are taken into\nconsideration in the process but at the same time they must be given an\nopportunity to participate in the interactive dialogue process. Apart from\nthis, it is seen that UPR is adding value in the implementation of human\nrights.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Riya Gulati | University College Dublin, Ireland | 18th October 2019 The Universal Periodic Review is a distinctive mechanism \u00a0whereby the human rights records of all the UN member states are reviewed periodically. It requires all the member states to report to the Human Rights Council irrespective of the fact whether any human rights violation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Universal Periodic Review Procedure: Does it Add Value in implementing Human Rights? - LexForti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/the-universal-periodic-review-procedure-does-it-add-value-in-implementing-human-rights\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Universal Periodic Review Procedure: Does it Add Value in implementing Human Rights? - LexForti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Riya Gulati | University College Dublin, Ireland | 18th October 2019 The Universal Periodic Review is a distinctive mechanism \u00a0whereby the human rights records of all the UN member states are reviewed periodically. 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