{"id":333,"date":"2020-04-23T10:29:48","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T10:29:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/?p=333"},"modified":"2021-01-17T11:58:52","modified_gmt":"2021-01-17T11:58:52","slug":"space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Kartikey Mishra | Presidency university | 9th November 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the growing nature of the economy\ntourism for the most parts has been a major source of growth. Specially for a\ncountry like India which gains most of its foreign exchange through tourism.\nNow one of the most exciting form of tourism which India is looking forward to\nis space tourism. Now, space is a final frontier to everybody. The main\nquestion that arises is whether space laws are apt for a country like India to\nventure into the territory of space tourism, as for starters first it is needed\nto be understood as to how space tourism can bring new source of prosperity to\nthe system of Indian tourism. Space tourism as a venture has a potential to\nonly enhance the tourism capabilities of the country but also it oozes the\ninterest of the investors and create probabilities of immediate profit and lay\nthe ground work for greater research and funding in another space applications.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REQUIREMENT OF LAW <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is assumed that when the space tourism\nindustry finally takes off there will be legal issues that will be needed to\naddress. The disclaimers and releases will need to be addressed first. The\ndisclaimers and releases need to be signed by the participants deciding to hurl\nthemselves into spaces. But there is also a question of law in the outer space,\nthe questions like if someone breaks the law in the outer space then what\nsought of mechanism is required to punish such individual as well as there is a\nneed to look into the dispute mechanism as if any sought of dispute arises in\nthe realms of the outer space then how such disputes can be settled. All these\nlegal issues are needed to be addressed for the space tourism industry. For instance,\nif an Indian aircraft is passing through another country and if a crime occurs,\nthen under who\u2019s jurisdiction will the case be called upon? If a space plane\ncollides with a satellite then who has the right of way? Since space tourism is\nsuch a new endeavor these legal queries regarding the proliferation of human\nbeing in space have not yet been worked out. But they need to be worked out\nsince the space tourism is set to commence in couple of short years<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>. Even\nthe competition between the two companies start<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>.&nbsp; <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Need of a Legislation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is quite evident that to make\nprosperity out of space tourism India needs to focus on strengthening its\nlegislation not only in terms of dispute mechanism or jurisdiction but also the\nlaw needs to lay its focus upon several subject matters viz. Compulsory\nregistration of aircraft, nationality, marking fitness of the space craft,\nmedical standards, licensing of space crew and safety precaution for launching\netc. Apart from it a strong legislation is required to include the private\nbodies to invest in space tourism. The private parties can be entrusted with\ndifferent activities in connection with space tourism. The role of government\nin establishment of a new industry is to help its private sector to develop and\nencourage growth of domestic economies.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Space Tourism basic concept<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Space tourism has been defined as \u201cany\ncommercial activity offering customers any direct or indirect experience with\nspace travel\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>.\nThe official definition given by the World Tourist Organization of tourism and\nthe U.N. statistical committee in 1994 reads thus, \u201cThe activities of persons\ntravelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not\nmore than one consecutive years of leisure\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tourism, hence, requires the availability\nof three distinct elements:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A\ndiscretionary income available for leisure travel.<\/li><li>Ample\nleisure time spend on both preparations for and taking the trips themselves <\/li><li>An\ninfrastructure supporting space tourism that offers accommodations, food,\namenities, transport systems, and attractions to see and do at the place\nvisited<a href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Different Stages Involved in Space\nTourism<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Earth\u2019s Surface<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Space tourism starts and ends at earth\u2019s\nsurface. So mainly domestic law rules this part of space tourism. Thus, there\nare some exemptions by international space law that interfere. For example\ncontinuous supervision of non-governmental activities in the outer space by\nstates, Obligation for the launching state to register space objects and to\ninform the secretary general of United Nations. <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Air Space&nbsp; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since, Space tourism off course does not\nrestrict itself to the earths surface, the next region touched is the airspace.\nAir space is basically subject to states territory and sovereignty. In respect\nof space objects, this rule is limited, and an international right of passenger\nis out of question. This is justified in considering that airspace is just a\nnecessary stage to get into or back from the next region of outer space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Residence in Orbit- ISS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One project of space tourism plans to\nestablish a hotel module linked to the international space station. The\nquestions of jurisdiction have to be regarded under the viewpoint of the\nISS-Agreement (International Government agreement on the Space Station) which\nbasically follows the link up principle. Liability in respect of the ISS-\nAgreement could be a contractor or sub-contractor, of a partner state, a user\nor a customer of a partner state. The partner states are enabled to exclude by\ndomestic law the applicability of liability convention<a href=\"#_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>.\nConcerning the ISS with effect against the third party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Outer Space<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;The\nsignificant provision is Art. VIII of the outer space treaty 1967<a href=\"#_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> that\nsays a state party to the treaty on whose registry an object launched into\nouter space is carried, shall retain jurisdiction over such object, and over\nany personnel there of while in outer space or on a celestial body. Here, state\nand private interests are also affected. It quite clear that this provision\nmeans, that national law, and consequently principles of inherent private\ninternational law is applicable on space objects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Residence on Celestial Bodies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The stage is mainly regulated by Moon\nAgreement (1979)<a href=\"#_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>.\nAdditional provisions can be found in outer space treaty, but these provisions\nare broad and rather imprecise. Without a doubt basic rules of space law, like\nthe freedom principle and common heritage principle, are fully applicable. An\nadditional aspect is of ecological and ethical kind, because permanent bases\nand colonies on the celestial bodies have to deal with weather conditions that\nare rather different from earth. The aspect of terraforming<a href=\"#_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> to\nestablish an earth like atmosphere and environment on a celestial body is apart\nfrom technical difficulties is less than a legal problem, but merely an ethical\nquestion. <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ISSUE OF AUTHORIZATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Authorization of space tourism is granted\nby national authorities in accordance with the relevant legal provisions of the\nspace law. In some instances, Air law will likely be applicable to the aircraft\nand attached space vehicle prior to separation if an air launch is undertaken<a href=\"#_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>. In\ncontrast space law may be applicable to the sub orbital vehicle using rocket\npropulsion for thrust, as well as two space objects used when a space capsule\nis launched by a rocket. Under both international and national air law, an\naircraft will require authorization. Since air law contains comprehensive and\ndetailed regulations, authorization in this context does not raise further\ndifficulties. The same can not be said for space law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After separation the suborbital vehicle\nwill require authorization according to international and national space law.\nIf the space tourism activities are conducted by means of space capsule\nlaunched by a rocket, authorization will also be required for both vehicles\ninvolved. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By virtue of Article VI of the outer space\ntreaty, states are obligated to authorize and to continuously supervise their\nnational space activities. This obligation can best be complied with enacting\nnational space legislation, preferably with a licensing regime for private\nactivities in the outer space, including certification of space vehicles. For\ninstance, example of national laws that regulate licensing requirement for\nspace activities can be found in Australia, Europe, Germany, Russia and US. At\nthis point national space legislation lacks specific regulations concerning\nspace tourists. However, the US recently set an example for such specific\nregulation with its commercial space launch Act of 2004. The amended section\n701 of Title 49 to the United States code contains explicit reference to \u201cSpace\nflight participants, enabling additional license requirements\u201d. For a launch\nvehicle carrying a human being for compensation<a href=\"#_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most significant requirements for the\nlicensing of any space activity carrying space flight participants including\nfollowing<a href=\"#_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Written\ninformation on the obligations of the licensee towards the space flight\nparticipant,<\/li><li>Written\ninformed consent by the space flight participant,<\/li><li>Physical\nexamination,<\/li><li>Training,\nand<\/li><li>&nbsp;Security requirements.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Regarding\nauthorization of space flights including space tourists, it can be summarized\nthat international space law does not have specific regulations. Moreover, most\nnational space legislation also fails to provide specific regulations. The\nrecent US regulations provide minimum requirements and takes into account the\nincreasing prevalence of space tourism activities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Registrations of the Aircrafts\/\nSpace Objects Carrying Tourists<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The aircraft use in the air launch as well,\nas the space vehicle prior to separation, would need to be registered according\nto air law. In contrast a space vehicle used in an air launch, as well as both\nspace objects used when a space capsule is launched by a rocket, must be\nregistered according to space laws. Specifically, registration must be pursuant\nto the registration convention<a href=\"#_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> and\nnational space laws. However, the registration convention does have\ndeficiencies in the light of a marked decrease in the registration of space\nobjects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Accordingly, UNICLOPUS (UN Committee on\npeaceful uses of outer space) working group on the practice of States and\nInternational Organizations is Registering space objects has considered\naltering the Registration convention to make it more effective in registering\nspace objects. Its objective is to \u201cencourage states to adhere to the\nRegistration Convention, improve the application and enhance its effectiveness\nof the convention and assist in developing and strengthening national\nlegislative norms relating to the registration of objects launched into outer\nspace\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With increased space tourism activities\noccurring on more of a regular basis, classification of space vehicle used as\nspace objects would certainly necessitate the effectiveness of the Registration\nconvention<a href=\"#_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Space Tourism in India<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Space activities in India are rising very\nrapidly. Even though there is avoid in space legislation the activities\npertaining to the same are effectively organized under the auspices of Indian\nSpace Research Organization (ISRO). The launch of Chandrayan-I is the landmark\nin the space activities undertaken by India. Space tourism in India has gained\nsome extent of excitement and glamour in a very early stage. Quite a number of\nprospective space travellers are evincing interest in space travel. This is also\nevidenced by the number of people registered for India\u2019s maiden spaceflight\n\u201cVirgin Galactic\u201d space flight in the near recent future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the space tourism industry gearing up\nfor flight within next two years, accredited space travel agents are also getting\nready to pitch the wonderment to potential space tourists Richard Branson\u2019s\nVirgin Galactic, a global commercial space tourism group, has entered the\nIndian market with an eye on wooing Indians into space. Virgin Galactic has\nopened its office in New Delhi and will act as a felicitator for Indians to\nbook tickets for space. The spaceship will be launched at the height of 50,000\nfeet above earth and on its release the month ship will take a vertical\ntrajectory at three times the speed of sound.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Carolyn Wincer, head of astronaut sales of\nvirgin Galactic, told the press that nearly, 300 people, including, four\nIndians have bought tickets to travel on the spaceship. Santosh George\nKulangara, based in U.S, is the first Indian who has booked a ticket to space\nin the first year of commercial operation of this adventurous venture<a href=\"#_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>. These\navailabilities will promote space activities under the space regime in India. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Requirements of Space Tourism\nActivity in India<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are certain important requirements which\na qualified space system should have and its true for India also. These\nrequirements are essential for space tourism infrastructure also. The most\nimportant requirements<a href=\"#_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> a\nspace tourism system have to meet can be summarized into following <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>The\nspace tourism system has to come up to expectations of space tour participants,\nnamely to the most preferred once: looking at earth and experience of\nweightlessness. The vehicle design should therefore provide a sufficient number\nof windows and sufficient interior space to fly.<\/li><li>High\ninclined orbit is favourable, covering a great proportion of earth\u2019s surface.<\/li><li>Due\nto medical restriction the acceleration level should be kept lower than 3G.<\/li><li>Although\nmost survey participants prefer longer trips, it would be recommended to limit\nthe space tour to several hours in accordance to avoid space sickness. There is\nno general time limit as to when space sickness will occur, but it has been\nshown that in the first hours of space flight the space sickness level is at\nthe lower side.<\/li><li>By\nreducing flight time, some space tourists may think to get insufficient service\nfor their money. To compensate for this feeling a kind of luxurious space camp\nshould be implemented before each space flight. In providing technical\ninformation, health monitoring and professional space training, a space camp\nwill intensify the feeling of becoming a \u201creal astronaut\u201d. A great\npsychological momentum in getting customers content.<\/li><li>In\ngeneral, Appropriate procedures are required to proof health conditions of\nspace tourists. Because of the fact that some tourists will be dismissed space\nflight due to medical reasons, it would be recommended to accomplish proper\nhealth inspections, best in connection with the space camps.<\/li><li>The\nmost important, it would be essential to meet the demand price figures.\nConsidering the market surveys, a sufficient demand will be established at\nticket prices of $50,000 or less.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>A\nspace tourism vehicle which obviously will meet this requirement has been\ndeveloped by Kawasaki and Fuji Heavy Industries in 1994<a href=\"#_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>. &nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another important aspect other than\ninfrastructure facility is with respect to licensing and authorization of space\nobjects and human beings properly. The government should take initiative in\nproper training of prospective tourists and also awareness programs should be\nundertaken. Countries like U.S have various national policies on authorization\nand supervision of space objects and human beings. Another aspect is state\nliability. With respect to state level policies in cases of state liability in\nISS, the inter-Governmental Agreement adopted by different nations in 1998\nsounds effective. To promote the state activities especially commercial\nactivities in a country like India, membership of such an agreement will be\nefficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The greatest challenge before India is\nallotting funds for all these above-mentioned requirements. In order to meet\nthis challenge an effective and enforceable national space policy needs to be\nenacted. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Need for domestic regulations in\nIndia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The matters related to space activities of\nthe Government of India are under the overall responsibility of the space\ncommission (SC), which formulates guidelines and policies to promote the\ndevelopment and application of space science and technology. There is an\nimmediate need for a codified National Space Policy (NSP) for making its activities\nmore focused and resourceful, as space has become a place that is increasingly\nused by a host of nations, consortia, businesses and entrepreneurs, and as\nspace business operates beyond sovereignty of national borders. The NSP should\nfocus on commercial exploitation of various potential space businesses\nopportunities activities like space manufacturing, space resources for space\nand earth, space business parks, satellite and space transfer services, travel\nand entertainment, space transportation, Space infrastructures, space\nutilities, Space solar power etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on these regulations of National\nSpace Policy the space market in India will be dependent to flourish. &nbsp;&nbsp;<br>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>India\u2019s scope in space tourism<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India has proved itself to be independent\nspace power in the recent past ISRO required less investment to send\nChandrayaan to mars, than Hollywood did to make to make the film Gravity, and\nthat impressive small budget, was to a great extent, attributed to the lower\ncost of engineering. In 2011 university of petroleum and Engineering, Dehradun,\nconducted a pilot study exploring scope of a space tourism in India. Which\nsuggested that India could reduce the overall cost of commercial space travel.\nIt states that at present anyone looking to buy a seat will have to dish out\nroughly $ 200,000 but if India can bring down the figure by fourth, it will be\na competitive player in the market. This will create a domestic market for\nspace tourism amongst its own upper crust, drawing up to 15,000 passengers a\nyear<a href=\"#_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Why it\u2019s worth it<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Investment in space tourism can generate a\nlot revenue and increase the employment into large scale. The move will bring\nmanned space flights, so far not attributed significance to the forefront of\nIndian Space Activities. In no way it can be termed as unnecessary project,\nmanned spaceflights have made some huge contributions to the human beings in\nthe past. While countering the many problems of astronauts in space, NASA\ninvented the cat scanner, joystick and long distance telecommunication\ninventions that are taken for granted every day while people sit back and\nderide the \u201cfutility\u201d of space exploration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Possible market for space tourism in\nIndia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keeping in view of above pointed rationale\nthe companies pioneering for investment in space law today seek the first mover\nadvantage and may be tomorrows market leader for this sector. In connection to\nthis we find that developed countries like U.S.A, Japan, Russia, United\nKingdom, France, Germany are taking the lead. However, we find India missing\nthe space race by private players (except Virgin Galactic), India has now the\nopportunity to join this exclusive club of nations to contribute in the\npossibility of space tourism. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding of the potential markets and\ndemand is the key to examining the possibility of operations for space tourism\nin India. As based on Futron\u2019s Study space tourism consists of broadly two\ntypes of travel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Suborbital\ntravel<\/li><li>Orbital\nTravel<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Now let us see for demand for each segment\nof space travel in India<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sub-orbital travel<a href=\"#_ftn20\"><strong>[20]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to few reports there is no\ndemand till 2013 for space travel, however, in the forecast if the price of\nsub-orbital flight is decreased to the price of USD 150,000 the demand for the\nsub-orbital travel spurts with possibility of almost 4000 passengers in 2013\nand finally number of passengers for suborbital travel could increase to 8500\nin 2020. Again, it has been assumed that the ticket price for suborbital travel\nhas been decreased to USD 100,000 in 2020 again we see steep surge in demand\nalmost four-fold increase to almost 33000 passengers in 2021 and finally it\nreaches to 5000 passengers by 2025. However, this survey can\u2019t be treated as\nrealistic as this survey was just done for a preliminary study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The revenue projections of suborbital\ntravel market demonstrate that the revenue could be realized of all of the\nforecasted demand for flights could be met. Thus, it is observed that total\nrevenues from sub-orbital trips starts from almost USD 630 million in 2013 and\nincreases to USD 5000 million in 2025. It should be noted that supply\nconstraints on the market could significantly lower the potential number of\npassengers and therefore, revenue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Orbital Travel<a href=\"#_ftn21\"><strong>[21]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As per the research study conducted by CAS\nfor orbital travel it has been found that at the ticket price of USD 20 million\nthere is possibility of two passengers that are willing to go for orbital\ntravel from India<a href=\"#_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>. In\nthis study following demand side constraints customer willingness to pay for orbital\ntravel, net worth, participation after flip side description of travel, health\nstatus, unique experience. Apart from this one supply side constraint i.e.\nactual number of seats available for orbital travel per year is also placed to\nreach suitable conclusion for demand. The supply side constraint becomes the\nmain determinant to forecast the growth for orbital travel in India. Initially\nif all the seats are allocated to Indian customers there is possibility of two\npassengers each year from India. Meanwhile in this study it is assumed that by\n2016 there will be extra flight of Soyuz per year. Therefore, number of\npassengers going for orbital travel will increase to four. Therefore,\npassengers carried for orbital travel from 2016-2020 will be four. However, the\ncurrent trend of carrying two astronauts and single passenger on a Soyuz flight\nis subject to change with the introduction of a single astronaut and two\npassengers. It is assumed that this change will occur by 2020; therefore, the\nSoyuz capsule would carry eight passengers per year between 2020 to 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The forecast for orbital space travel\nresults in a cumulative 8 passengers over the entire forecast period as the\nonly means of providing the flight till now is through a Soyuz capsule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The revenue forecast for orbital travel\nmarket demonstrates the potential value that can be realized if all of the\ndemand for flights could be met. However, supply remains a severe challenge as\nup until now, only the Soyuz capsule is capable of ferrying passengers into and\nout of orbit. Accordingly, it has been reasoned that till 2025 possibly no\nother agency would commence such type of travel. Thus, it has been found that\nat most supply projections can only fulfil demand for 8 passenger\u2019s seats per\nyear between 2020 and 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It has also been found that total revenue\nfrom orbital trips would start at USD 40 million in and it will increase to USD\n160 million in 2025. It should be noted that supply constraints on the market\ncould significantly lower the potential number of passengers and, therefore,\nthe revenue picture could be more promising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Space 2.0 India<a href=\"#_ftn23\"><strong>[23]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Space 2.0 is a vision to develop and\necosystem and enable SMEs as well as New space entrepreneurs to take the next\nleap forward in the country to develop end-to-end products and services that\nare globally scalable. It is that stage where enterprises and startups in the\ncountry shall be able to leapfrog based on five decades experience and\nexpertise gathered in space with offerings that complement the efforts of ISRO.\nIt is empowering small businesses to scale their offering of product and\nservices to integrate into global space supply chain and compete\ninternationally in the USD 300 billion industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several important developments\nthat nee to move ahead as India build up to this sort of ecosystem. India needs\nlarge business houses to make stronger commitments to investment in the space\nsector in gaining sophisticated end-to-end system level knowledge. This will\nalso need encouragement from ISRO to guide these first movers towards\nsustainable growth. There is a strong possibility of this occurrence since\nthere is an inherent national demand that is driving the need for production of\nover a dozen rockets or satellites a year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Such startups could favor the Indian space\ntourism industry space 2.0 is integrating products and services into the global\ncollaborations that may not just be academic or technological but also will go\nfurther in solving the problems of financing and regulatory framework required\nfor space tourism industry. Space 2.0 will provide a dynamic framework and also\nsee the spill over of technology product and services from the government,\nwhich shall involve more space entrepreneurs to scale their offerings in the\nIndian space commerce and space tourism industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to understand that the\nfoundation and practice of establishing a fair and transparent space\nlegislation and regulatory system can provide leeway to achieve a critical mass\nof linkages between upstream and downstream activities that can potentially\nexpand the space economy of the country to many folds to what is today. This\ncan also serve in setting precedents for a future that may behold larger\ninitiatives such as space mining and space solar power etc. Developing an\necosystem that will support the rise of space 2.0 in the country has the\npotential to make space the next big technological leaps at the same time it\nprovides a great initiative for space tourism activities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Space Tourism: Relation with\nInsurance Firms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As space tourism matures, it holds\ntremendous opportunity for insurance companies to offer risk coverage to those\non board, similar to what they do for passengers of airlines. Director of Indian\nSpace Research Organisation (ISRO) Liquid Propulsion systems Centre, S\nRamakrishna said apart from satellite and launching sector, personal space\nflights, space tourism and adventure space tourism are emerging as a possible\nmarket for insurance players.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Speaking on risk and insurance solutions\nfor space ventures in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century, executive vice-president of\nISB, Tim Wakeman said within India, the space industry is thriving,\ncontributing around Rs 10,000 crore per annum to the Indian economy. According\nto him it is a good time to buy insurance for spacecraft as market conditions\nare favourable with premium rates on the decline and availability of insurance\ncapacity is three-four times the demand.<a href=\"#_ftn24\">[24]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Such broad prospects gives the chance to\nthe insurance firms to develop their policies according to the needs of Space\nrelated risks and make a comprehensive cover for all the risk associated with\nspace travel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Safety and reliability are of paramount\nimportance to any transportation industry, but for space transportation they\nmay become the defining issue of the industry\u2019s success or failure. Space\nflight is seen as a risky endeavor, and at such circumstance\u2019s insurance firms\nrole becomes more important in covering such broad dimensions of risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outer space is a dangerous place. Humans\nare not fully suitable to live in space. When in space, a human is subjected to\nradiation exposure far greater than he gets on Earth, the lack of gravity\ncauses bloating and los of bone mass and many people become disoriented. There\nis no air in space, so people need to carry air with them. But that means that\nthey also are in danger from leaks caused by impacts. And if something goes\nwrong with air handling system, they may suffocate and eventually die. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Then,\nthere are dangers involved in even getting to space. Space is a long way up, so\nhigh accelerations are needed to get there within any reasonable time, and\nhuman body is not suitable for such forces. Moreover, there are problems in\nreturning from space primarily due to strong forces on human body resulting\nfrom the interaction of Earth\u2019s atmosphere on the spacecraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With so many high octane risks the role of\nthe insurance firms becomes pivotal and to a larger extent they need to draw up\nproper policies to counter such risks and danger.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Future of Space Tourism<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently space tourism is on course to\nbeing developed as a model of space adventure, though with some potential\nconcerns like, the one thing that has held back its development is a low cost\npassenger vehicle. Currently, a rocket launch is very expensive ordeal, with\nthe cost of fuel and resources very high. Right now, space tourism is in its\npioneering phase where customers will be very few, and the cost will still be\nfairly high. These trips will be more adventure travel rather than a luxury\nfilled experience. These trips will be more focused on the safety of the\npassengers as opposed to more comfort.<a href=\"#_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While trips into space could be sooner\nthan we think, some companies have their sights set on venturing even further,\nwith aspirations of building the first orbital space hotel. Orbital\ntechnologies are a Russian company that has plans to build a small space hotel\nthat can fit up to seven guests and will orbit entirety of the Earth.\nEventually, they wan to build \u201clunar Colonies\u201d for longer stays in space that\nwill be more focused around leisure<a href=\"#_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These developments can bring in a lot of\nrevolutionary changes into space industries and act as a spring board to give\nthe tourists more value of money and an enjoyable bit of time.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The option of space tourism really looks\nlucrative but how far it could be implemented in India without body of rules\nand laws in force is a question. No doubt that it\u2019s one of the most lucrative\nand heavily money rising prospect. But its visibility has to be analyzed from\nvarious point of views. For example, whether it accords with the principles of\nsustainable development or not. The issue with regard to right to sovereignty\nof orbital space etc. Simultaneously it also had to be seen what kind of labor\nwith what kind of skills are needed to run this industry. What is the possible\nrisk that they can imbibe. That whether the industrialists are making any kind\nof provision for risk minimization and compensation or not and how it could be\nimplemented. The establishment of this industry would invite inclusions in the\npresent tax structure as well. Also, at the same time new regulations ha to be\nbought with regard to the maintenance of the industrial machines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Various Indian ministries have come up\nwith new schemes and arrange for resources in order to support this industry in\nour country. Since this industry would involve a large amount of hi-fy\ntechnology machineries, its needless to say that over a period of time it would\nconvert into one of the most expensive industry consuming a lot of state\nresources amenities. Therefore, it also has to be seen that what percentage of\nIndians with there disposable income can actually afford the luxury of space\ntourism. It also has to analyze that how competitive would this industry grow\nin comparison to the land tourism industries. Since this option is highly\nfascinating it has to be seen that whether it could dominate the tourism market\nin such a manner that it gives the land tourism industry a heavy loss.\nTherefore regulations are needed on this front also, predominantly when India\u2019s\nconstitutional ideology is motivated by the concept of social welfare. <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> AP, \u201cPrivate spaceship\nmakes first flight, The Times of India, Kolkata, 12 October 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Jeff Foust, Space\nAdventures to Develop Suborbital Vehicles, (May27, 2010)\nhttps:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/419112\/space-adventures-to-develop-suborbital-vehicles\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Stephen\nHobe &amp; Jurgen Kloppenburg, Toward a new aerospace convention? Selected\nlegal issues of \u201cspace tourism\u201d, 2004 proceedings of the Forty Seventh\nColloquium on the law of outer space 377.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Roger D. Launius &amp;\nDennis. Jenkins, Is It Finally Time for Space Tourism? Astropolitics 253,\n255(2006).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Dr.\nFrans G. Von Der Dunk, \u201cPassing the Buck to Rogers: International liability\nissues in private Space Flight\u201d,86 Neb. L. Rev (2007), P 400<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> United Nations treaties\nand Principles on Outer Space, http:\/\/www.oosa.unvienna.org\/pdf\/publications\/STSPACE11E.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> id <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> id<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp; http:\/\/www.thefreedictionary.com\/terraform<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> id<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> id U.S.C 70105(b) (D)\n(SUPP 2004)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> id<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a> Convention on\nRegistration of objects in the Outer Space,1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a> id<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a> id<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> Keralite\nto be India\u2019s First Space Tourist, <a>http:\/\/www.dnaindia.com\/report.asp?NewsID=1084939<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a> Sven Abitzsch,\nProspects of Space Tourism, (May.15,1996) http:\/\/www.spacefuture.com\/archive\/prospects_of_space_tourism.shtml<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a> id<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a> Anirudh Rastogi, How\nCan India Become a Star In Space Tourism Industry, (Dec.11,2015,9:01am),https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.in\/anirudh-rastogi\/space-tourism-and-the-ind_b_8524542.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>Mukesh Mohan Pandey,\nPossibility of space tourism in India: issues and Concerns-ISSN: 2278-487X,\np-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 11, Issue 4 (Jul. &#8211; Aug. 2013), PP 32-39 , http:\/\/www.iosrjournals.org\/iosr-jbm\/papers\/Vol11-issue4\/E01143239.pdf?id=5002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a> id<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a> The study of UPES,\nDehradun&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a> Narayan Prasad\nNagendra, Space 2.0: India Leapfrogging Indian Space Commerce, (Feb 27,2017),\nhttps:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/expert-speak\/space-india-leapfrogging-commerce\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a> Space Tourism a good\nscope for insurance firms, (27 Aug 27,18:04),\nhttp:\/\/business.rediff.com\/report\/2010\/aug\/27\/space-tourism-a-good-scope-for-insurance-firms.htm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a> Bryan Kitman, The\nFuture of Space Tourism, (March.27,2018),\nhttps:\/\/www.sdentertainer.com\/news\/future-of-space-tourism\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a> id<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kartikey Mishra | Presidency university | 9th November 2019 INTRODUCTION With the growing nature of the economy tourism for the most parts has been a major source of growth. Specially for a country like India which gains most of its foreign exchange through tourism. Now one of the most exciting form of tourism which India [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":334,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[34,107,26],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India - LexForti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India - LexForti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kartikey Mishra | Presidency university | 9th November 2019 INTRODUCTION With the growing nature of the economy tourism for the most parts has been a major source of growth. Specially for a country like India which gains most of its foreign exchange through tourism. Now one of the most exciting form of tourism which India [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LexForti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lexforti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lexforti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-04-23T10:29:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-17T11:58:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Add-a-heading-1-1.jpg?fit=400%2C225&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"225\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"LexForti Legal News Network\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/lex_forti\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"LexForti Legal News Network\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"26 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"LexForti Legal News Network\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/person\/dc82860cbb04dab62a7b0a28b0cabc88\"},\"headline\":\"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-23T10:29:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-17T11:58:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/\"},\"wordCount\":5207,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Contemporary Legal Issue\",\"Space Law\",\"Supreme Court Judgement\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/\",\"name\":\"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India - LexForti\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-23T10:29:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-17T11:58:52+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/\",\"name\":\"LexForti\",\"description\":\"Legal\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#organization\",\"name\":\"LexForti Legal News & Journal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/159134300345793876.png?fit=404%2C404&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/159134300345793876.png?fit=404%2C404&ssl=1\",\"width\":404,\"height\":404,\"caption\":\"LexForti Legal News & Journal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lexforti\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/lexforti\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/lex-forti\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/person\/dc82860cbb04dab62a7b0a28b0cabc88\",\"name\":\"LexForti Legal News Network\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/159134300345793876-96x96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/159134300345793876-96x96.png\",\"caption\":\"LexForti Legal News Network\"},\"description\":\"LexForti Legal News and Journal offer access to a wide array of legal knowledge through the Daily Legal News segment of our Website. It provides the readers with the latest case laws in layman terms. Our Legal Journal contains a vast assortment of resources that helps in understanding contemporary legal issues.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lexforti\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/lexforti\/\",\"http:\/\/linkedin.com\/company\/lex-forti\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/lex_forti\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCRT9bwtsiRtF-RYr4G2dv3w\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/author\/lexforti-legal-news-network\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India - LexForti","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India - LexForti","og_description":"Kartikey Mishra | Presidency university | 9th November 2019 INTRODUCTION With the growing nature of the economy tourism for the most parts has been a major source of growth. Specially for a country like India which gains most of its foreign exchange through tourism. Now one of the most exciting form of tourism which India [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/","og_site_name":"LexForti","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lexforti\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lexforti","article_published_time":"2020-04-23T10:29:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-01-17T11:58:52+00:00","og_image":[{"width":400,"height":225,"url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Add-a-heading-1-1.jpg?fit=400%2C225&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"LexForti Legal News Network","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/lex_forti","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"LexForti Legal News Network","Est. reading time":"26 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/"},"author":{"name":"LexForti Legal News Network","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/person\/dc82860cbb04dab62a7b0a28b0cabc88"},"headline":"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India","datePublished":"2020-04-23T10:29:48+00:00","dateModified":"2021-01-17T11:58:52+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/"},"wordCount":5207,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Contemporary Legal Issue","Space Law","Supreme Court Judgement"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/","url":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/","name":"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India - LexForti","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-04-23T10:29:48+00:00","dateModified":"2021-01-17T11:58:52+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/space-tourism-legal-issues-and-challenges-in-reference-to-india\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Space tourism: Legal issues and challenges in reference to India"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/","name":"LexForti","description":"Legal","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#organization","name":"LexForti Legal News & Journal","url":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/159134300345793876.png?fit=404%2C404&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/159134300345793876.png?fit=404%2C404&ssl=1","width":404,"height":404,"caption":"LexForti Legal News & Journal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lexforti\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/lexforti\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/lex-forti\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/person\/dc82860cbb04dab62a7b0a28b0cabc88","name":"LexForti Legal News Network","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/159134300345793876-96x96.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/159134300345793876-96x96.png","caption":"LexForti Legal News Network"},"description":"LexForti Legal News and Journal offer access to a wide array of legal knowledge through the Daily Legal News segment of our Website. It provides the readers with the latest case laws in layman terms. Our Legal Journal contains a vast assortment of resources that helps in understanding contemporary legal issues.","sameAs":["https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lexforti","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/lexforti\/","http:\/\/linkedin.com\/company\/lex-forti","https:\/\/twitter.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/lex_forti","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCRT9bwtsiRtF-RYr4G2dv3w"],"url":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/author\/lexforti-legal-news-network\/"}]}},"views":264,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=333"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8069,"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333\/revisions\/8069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}