{"id":392,"date":"2020-04-23T10:29:50","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T10:29:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/?p=392"},"modified":"2021-01-17T11:56:56","modified_gmt":"2021-01-17T11:56:56","slug":"intellectual-property-valuation-and-transaction-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/intellectual-property-valuation-and-transaction-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Intellectual Property valuation and transaction in India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_47_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6a227823ea77f\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6a227823ea77f\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/intellectual-property-valuation-and-transaction-in-india\/#Payal_Goyal_17th_December_2019\" title=\"Payal Goyal | 17th December 2019\">Payal Goyal | 17th December 2019<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/intellectual-property-valuation-and-transaction-in-india\/#Factors_that_influence_IP_valuation\" title=\"Factors that influence IP valuation\">Factors that influence IP valuation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/intellectual-property-valuation-and-transaction-in-india\/#Difference_between_Price_of_IP_asset_and_Value_of_IP_asset\" title=\"Difference between Price of IP asset\nand Value of IP asset\">Difference between Price of IP asset\nand Value of IP asset<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/intellectual-property-valuation-and-transaction-in-india\/#IP_valuation_methods\" title=\"IP\nvaluation methods\">IP\nvaluation methods<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/intellectual-property-valuation-and-transaction-in-india\/#IP_Transactions_in_India\" title=\"IP\nTransactions in India \">IP\nTransactions in India <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Payal_Goyal_17th_December_2019\"><\/span><strong>Payal Goyal<\/strong> <strong>| 17th December 2019<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Intellectual\nproperty (IP) refers to creation of the mind. Copyright, patents, trademark,\ndesign etc. are some instances. IP is an intangible asset\/property that has\nlegal protection in terms of legal, economic and moral rights. IP assets are those\nresources of the business that creates Brand Value. Like tangible property, IP\nis also traded and transacted. IP valuation helps you know the true value of\nyour business and capitalize the assets which you might not know. \u00a0However, very few companies know methods for\nproper valuation of IP assets practically. It is therefore becomes important to\nmake proper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myadvo.in\/blog\/intellectual-property-value-addition-for-investors-and-clients\"><strong>valuation of Intellectual property<\/strong><\/a>.\nThe value of IP asset is measured by its ability to confer economic benefits to\nits owner\/user. This benefit further depends on its ability to exclude\ncompetitors from a particular market. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_that_influence_IP_valuation\"><\/span><strong>Factors that influence IP valuation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Situation\nin which valuation has been done i.e. what is the financial status and future\ncourse of plan of the owner of IP asset.<\/li><li>Demand\nof that IP asset in the market at that date and time<\/li><li>Market\nvalue of the IP asset <\/li><li>Reason\nbehind the valuation<\/li><li>Strength,\nefficiency and good will of that asset<\/li><li>Type\nof valuation method which has been applied<\/li><li>Type\nof ownership<\/li><li>Legal\nimplications on such IP asset<\/li><li>Restrictions\nin use of that IP asset<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_between_Price_of_IP_asset_and_Value_of_IP_asset\"><\/span><strong>Difference between Price of IP asset\nand Value of IP asset<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>The price of an IP asset\nis determined as the amount of money for which ownership of IP asset is\ntransferred between a buyer and a seller. Whereas the value of IP asset is its\nability to make economic benefits in future. IP valuation represents the\noverall economic value of IP asset. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP_valuation_methods\"><\/span><strong>IP\nvaluation methods<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Cost\nMethod<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Market\nMethod<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Income\nMethod<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Cost Method <\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This\nmethod is generally used for computing the value of IP asset.\u00a0 The cost is determined by calculating the\ndevelopment cost of a similar IP asset either internally or externally in\npresent. That is, the determining factors are total expenditures incurred on\nthat IP asset, extent of obsolescent and opportunity costs in creation of\nsimilar IP asset at that time. The amount so arrived is the value of that IP\nasset. Obsolescence affects IP valuation. It refers to outdated or deteriorated\npart of the asset. There may be economic obsolescence, functional Obsolescence\nand technological obsolescence of IP asset.\u00a0\nThe cost method is useful when the IP asset (whose valuation is to be\ndone) can easily be reproduced or replaced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There\nare two options for cost method of IP valuation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Reproduction\ncost method:\u00a0 <\/strong>It is the total cost to\ndevelop an exact duplicate or replica of similar IP asset in present. This\nduplicate asset has same properties. It is created by using the similar\nmaterials having same quality standards, layouts and design, layout that of the\noriginal IP asset. It is used in litigation purposes, calculating return on\ninvestment (ROI), tax purposes etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Replacement cost method: <\/strong>It is the total cost to create an asset having equal functionality or equal utility of the IP asset in present. The replaced IP asset may have more qualities and efficiency that of the previous IP asset. This method is used in situations like estimating a target price prior to negotiations for purchasing an IP asset, computing transfer price, calculating the basis for suitable royalty rates etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong>2. Market Method<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under\nmarket method, valuation of IP asset is done by way of comparison with the\nactual price paid for a similar IP asset in those circumstances. The valuation\nwill be precise when the person valuing the IP asset has accurate information\nof all determining factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Factors\nthat must be taken into consideration while making IP valuation through market\nmethod:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Date\nof valuation<\/li><li>Nature\nof IP asset (for example- patents, designs, trademark etc.)<\/li><li>Market\ninflation rate<\/li><li>Nature\nof rights to be transferred (License, sale etc)<\/li><li>Scope\nof legal protection<\/li><li>Time\nperiod of such transfer <\/li><li>Geographical\naspects<\/li><li>Market\nposition of IP asset<\/li><li>Profitability\nof IP asset<\/li><li>Substitutes,\nif any<\/li><li>Risks\ninvolved<\/li><li>Management\nStructure <\/li><li>Market\nsize and penetration<\/li><li>Channels\nof distribution<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It is generally not possible to get exact information about all influencing factors. Therefore, it is difficult to determine exact valuation of IP asset through this method.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>Income Method<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This\nmethod is very common in making IP valuation. Under this method, the IP asset\nis valued on the basis of economic income that it is expected to generate if\nadjusted to present day value. The economic income is determined by taking into\nconsideration various factors like potential revenue to be generated by the IP\nasset in future, expenses incurred on such asset and net present value of such\nincome. This economic income may be measured by way of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Net\nrevenue<\/li><li>Net\nProfit<\/li><li>Net\ncash flow<\/li><li>Income\nwhen not taxed<\/li><li>Income\nwhen taxed<\/li><li>Additional\/Incremental\nincome<\/li><li>Cost\nsavings<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It\nis important to ensure that the capitalization rate or discount rate is used.\nFurther the consistent with the economic income parameter is required. It may\nbe done using either discounted cash flow or direct capitalization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP_Transactions_in_India\"><\/span><strong>IP\nTransactions in India <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nIP assets have monetary as well as economic worth. Therefore, an owner of the\nIP asset and an interested buyer may enter into transactions of IP assets by\nany of the following ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Through sale or purchase of IP assets<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sale\nor purchase of IP assets is done once it is valued. The valuation may be done\nby way of cost method or market method or income method. This is the most\ncommon form of IP transactions. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This\ntransfers the entire rights of IP asset generally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Through Licensing of IP assets<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Licensing\nis similar to \u2018permission to access\u2019. It transfers the right of enjoyment or\nright to take benefits arising out of IP asset. IP valuation in such case is\nnot so easy. It is therefore important to negotiate while licensing the IP\nasset in respect of terms and conditions of usage. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Through Merger &#038; Acquisition<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthe process of merger &#038; acquisition, IP assets are also transacted. It is\nimportant to make proper IP valuation as to determine the future benefits of\nsuch asset. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Through Joint Venture or Strategic\nAlliance<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>While\nentering into a joint venture or any strategic alliances, it is very pertinent\nto make valuation of IP assets. Further a comparative analysis of those values\nin various options like licensing, sale etc is made. The proper valuation will\nhelp to evade future loss and preserve the purpose of such combination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Through donation of IP Assets<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes\nan IP asset is transferred by way of donation or similar to gift. That is\ngenerally made for social or charitable purposes, without any\nconsideration.\u00a0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Payal Goyal | 17th December 2019 Intellectual property (IP) refers to creation of the mind. Copyright, patents, trademark, design etc. are some instances. IP is an intangible asset\/property that has legal protection in terms of legal, economic and moral rights. IP assets are those resources of the business that creates Brand Value. Like tangible property, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[50],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Intellectual Property valuation and transaction in India - LexForti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/intellectual-property-valuation-and-transaction-in-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Intellectual Property valuation and transaction in India - LexForti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Payal Goyal | 17th December 2019 Intellectual property (IP) refers to creation of the mind. 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