<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nCitizenship can be defined as the status of an individual under the law who is a rightful member of a state or a nation.
Part II (Articles 5-11) of the Constitution of India deals with citizenship.
Article 5 grants citizenship to anyone who was born in India, either of whose parents were born in India or to anyone who resided in India for a minimum of five years before the commencement of the Constitution of India.
Article 6 talks about that whoever relocated back to India before the 19th of July, 1948 after the partition will be granted citizenship if either of their precursors was born in India
Article 7 grants citizenship to those who were settled in Pakistan after the 1st of March, 1947, but came back to India on resettlement permits.
Article 8 talks about granting citizenship to a person of Indian origin residing outside India.
Apart from the Constitution of India gives certain rights also known as fundamental rights to non-citizens –
Article 14- Right to equality
Article 21- Protection of life and personal liberty
Article 25- Right to manage religious affairs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
However, certain rights are only available to citizens. Some of these rights are as follows-
Article 15- Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or, place of birth
Article 16- Equal opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 19- Protection of certain rights w.r.t. speech, movement, residence, profession, forming unions, etc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Indian Parliament ratified The Immigrants (Expulsion from Assam) Act in the year 1950 to safeguard the cultural and social interests of the people of Assam. Under The Immigrants Act, 1950 the central government can order the extradition of any person who had come into Assam from outside India. After the partition of India and the birth of Bangladesh, there was a huge influx of immigrants into Assam. This resulted in a huge disturbance in the state which further lead to the signing of the Assam Accord on 15th August 1985.
The Citizenship Act of 1955 was amended in the year 1986 under which Section 6A was inserted. Under this section, any person who had entered Assam before 1st January 1966 and been its legal resident was to be considered as Indians. And all those who came after 1st January 1966 but before 25th March 1971 were to be granted citizenship only after registration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>WHAT ARE THE ARGUMENTS AGAINST NRC?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u2022 To prove whether a person has strong roots in a state or to prove one\u2019s citizenship is not a simple task. This verification requires people rather than the gazetted officers to extract documents, therefore the government is accused of putting the burden of proof on people.
\u2022 It is very uncertain as to what will happen to those who are adjudged as non-Indians. Most of the political campaigns are in favor of the deportation of such people.
\u2022 Considering deportation as not an option, some officials are in favor of detention camps. By locking lacs of people in detention camps, India\u2019s civilized democracy is under question.
\u2022 Some political parties have transformed this into a Hindu-Muslim debate instead of an insider-outsider debate.
\u2022 There is a growing fear in Bangladesh w.r.t. to those people who did make it to the final NRC list, to be deported to Bangladesh. Considering this as an option, Bangladesh is already struggling with resources to host Rohingya refugees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>WHAT ARE THE ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF NRC?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u2022 Many people of Eastern Pakistan and Eastern Bangladesh descent who came to India during the pre-1970s were labeled as foreigners but now will find a place in the National Register of Citizens.
\u2022 People who were left out of the final NRC list are assured by the central government that they can still file claims before 28th September 2019 and there are chances that this date could be extended in the future.
\u2022 Millions of migrants, both Muslims and Hindus will get the citizenship of India and therefore can live freely without any suspicion.
\u2022 The Supreme Court, central and the state government have assured that there won\u2019t be any kind of pressing the action against anyone who is excluded from the final NRC list solely based on the list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>PRESENT SCENARIO<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAssam\u2019s NRC compilation was completed on 30th September 2019 with the rejection of at least 19 lac people out of 40 lac people who found no place in the draft National Register of Citizens published in the month of July last year.
Total applicants: 3.3 crore people from 68.4 lac families
Excluded in draft NRC (published on 30th July 2018)
Excluded in the additional list (26th June 2019) after re-evaluation: 1 lac(called for hearing without having to file claims)
Total claims filed: 36 lac
Did not file a claim: 4.4 lac
Total rejected: 19 lac
Almost 3.11 crore people have made it to the final list. The ones who did not file a claim, their whereabouts are under scrutiny. These 4 lac people make about 20% of those who failed to make it to the final NRC list. Some officials believe that this group of people would comprise of Indian citizens from other states who migrated to Assam for a living and intended to go back later someday. While the rest are believed to be illegal immigrants who failed to get citizenship in their first attempt.
The Ministry of Home Affairs has assured all the people excluded from the final NRC that they will continue to enjoy all of the rights like any other citizen of the country eg. Right to education, employment, property, etc. All those who did not find a place in the final list have a chance to appeal within 120 days from 31st August to the Foreign Tribunal. At least 200 new tribunals are being set up apart from the existing 100 to facilitate all the claimants. District Legal Services are under the direction of the Central Government to provide legal aid to the ones excluded from the list.
There is a possibility that the Central Government might push for NRC in other states of India as well. There are plans for a National Population Register (NPR) which will carry all the biometric and demographic details of all its citizens. A few years ago the UPA government started the National Population Register project but was left incomplete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>CONCLUSION<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe National Register of Citizens turned out to be more complex and distressing than one could ever think of. It was based on the principle of detect, delete, and deport. Looking at the number of people who challenged the methodology of the whole exercise shows how much we as citizens are concerned for others. Rather a lot of people thought that this effort was bound to fail miserably and not come to any conclusive decision. As of now, the final NRC is out and a little more than 19 lac people have been rejected. Now the question that arises is what can be done with a large group of people. The first thing that can be done is to categorize those who did not any place in the final NRC. In the words of Hannah Arendt \u201cas long as the world is organized around the category of state-system, a person has to belong to one in order to have her\/his rights\u201d. It simply means that those excluded from the final NRC need to be categorized else they won\u2019t have any rights.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Understanding NRC in Assam written by Mohammad Shuja Uzair student of NMIMS Kirit P. Mehta School of Law, Mumbai INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS THE NRC? The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a list of genuine Indian citizens prepared by the Government of India. It was first prepared in the year 1951, after the 1951 census. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":6492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[101,34],"tags":[1809,2888],"yoast_head":"\n
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