{"id":8265,"date":"2021-01-16T10:26:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-16T10:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/?p=8265"},"modified":"2021-01-28T11:03:29","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T11:03:29","slug":"exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/","title":{"rendered":"Exclusion of mens rea under Indian Penal Code"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Exclusion of mens rea under Indian Penal Code written by Prapti Kothari student of Institute of Law, Nirma university<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_47_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6a227528c93f6\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6a227528c93f6\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#STATE_OF_MADHYA_PRADESH_V_NARAYAN_SINGH_AND_ORS_AIR_1989_SC_1789\" title=\"STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH V. NARAYAN SINGH AND ORS., AIR 1989 SC 1789\">STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH V. NARAYAN SINGH AND ORS., AIR 1989 SC 1789<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#MATERIAL_FACTS_OF_THE_CASE\" title=\"MATERIAL FACTS OF THE CASE-\">MATERIAL FACTS OF THE CASE-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#ISSUES\" title=\"ISSUES\">ISSUES<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#LEGAL_PROVISIONS\" title=\"LEGAL PROVISIONS\">LEGAL PROVISIONS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#ARGUMENTS_BY_THE_PARTIES\" title=\"ARGUMENTS BY THE PARTIES\">ARGUMENTS BY THE PARTIES<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#JUDGEMENT\" title=\"JUDGEMENT\">JUDGEMENT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#ANALYSIS\" title=\"ANALYSIS\">ANALYSIS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#ISSUE_I-_%E2%80%9CMens_Rea%E2%80%9D\" title=\"ISSUE I- \u201cMens Rea\u201d\">ISSUE I- \u201cMens Rea\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#ISSUE_II-_%E2%80%9CPreparation_or_Attempt%E2%80%9D\" title=\"ISSUE II- \u201cPreparation or Attempt\u201d\">ISSUE II- \u201cPreparation or Attempt\u201d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/#CONCLUSION\" title=\"CONCLUSION\">CONCLUSION<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"STATE_OF_MADHYA_PRADESH_V_NARAYAN_SINGH_AND_ORS_AIR_1989_SC_1789\"><\/span>STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH V. NARAYAN SINGH AND ORS., AIR 1989 SC 1789<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MATERIAL_FACTS_OF_THE_CASE\"><\/span>MATERIAL FACTS OF THE CASE-<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Two Appeals involving the same questions of law were heard concurrently- The respondents, in the first appeal being lorry driver and two cleaners and in the second appeal being lorry driver and coolie, were carrying 200 and 170 fertilizer bags respectively in trucks from Indore, Madhya Pradesh to Maharashtra. They were stopped at a Sales Tax barrier near the border of Maharashtra.<br>The documents confiscated from them contained the invoices and other records but did not include permits given under the Fertilizers (Movement Control) Order, 1973. They were then taken to court for lacking a legitimate authorization under the FMC Order of 1973, set out in sections 3 and 7 of the Essential Commodities Act of 1955, for exporting fertilizers from Madhya Pradesh to Maharashtra.<br>The defendants did not deny that they were carrying fertilizer bags in their Lorries and that these lorries belonged to them. However, the defendants assert that they were oblivious of the nature of the documents seized from them and were not consciously involved in violating the rules and regulations laid under the F.M.C. Order by exporting the fertilizer bags from Madhya Pradesh to Maharashtra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ISSUES\"><\/span>ISSUES<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Whether defendants must establish <a href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/mens-rea-cannot-be-assumed-to-be-present-it-has-to-be-visible-and-proved\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;mens rea&#8221;<\/a> on their part in exporting fertilizer bags lacking a valid permit and for obtaining their conviction under section 7 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955?<\/li><li>Whether the facts on account only represented the preparation by the defendants in compliance with section 3 of the E.C. Act of 1955 on the export of fertilizer bags from one state to another without authorization and therefore not an attempt to export fertilizer bags?<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LEGAL_PROVISIONS\"><\/span>LEGAL PROVISIONS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Section 3 and 7 of <a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/774360\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Essential Commodities Act, 1955<\/a><\/li><li>Fertilizer (Movement Control) Order, 1973<\/li><li>Section 511 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/1569253\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indian Penal Code,1860<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ARGUMENTS_BY_THE_PARTIES\"><\/span>ARGUMENTS BY THE PARTIES<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It was contended by the appellants that the key terms &#8220;whether knowingly, intentionally or otherwise&#8221; were laid down and incorporated in Section 7 in order to prohibit persons from committing offenses under the Act and avoiding prosecution on the grounds that the offenses were not deliberately committed. Hence, here the element of <a href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/mens-rea-is-an-essential-ingredient-for-determining-criminal-liability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mens rea<\/a> is not the only factor for convicting a person. Secondly, this was not a case of mere preparation. The export would have been an accomplished act and the fertilizer bags would have been effectively taken to Maharashtra State in breach of the F.M.C. Order if the defendants were not stopped at the Sendhwa sales tax barrier.<br>On the other hand, respondents contended that they were oblivious of the nature of the documents confiscated from them and they did not breach the rules and regulations laid under the F.M.C. Order by exporting the fertilizer bags from Madhya Pradesh to Maharashtra in a deliberate manner. They contended that the prosecution has lacked enough evidence to prove the accused were attempting to export fertilizer bags from Madhya Pradesh to Maharashtra. Moreover, they presented that the materials on record (invoice and other documents) only established mere preparation on their side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"JUDGEMENT\"><\/span>JUDGEMENT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The judgment of the Trial Magistrate and the High Court on appeal was found to be arbitrary and unreasonable by the apex bench. It maintained that the defendants were guilty of the offense in violation of the Fertilizers (Movement and Control) Order, 1973 read with sections 3 and 7 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. Nevertheless, since the case was 15 years old and the defendants were discharged 15 years earlier, the Supreme Court granted the appeal without sentencing them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ANALYSIS\"><\/span>ANALYSIS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ISSUE_I-_%E2%80%9CMens_Rea%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>ISSUE I- \u201cMens Rea\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The terms used in section 7(1) are &#8220;if any person violates whether, knowingly, deliberately or otherwise, any order provided under section 3&#8221; takes within its fold contraventions done on otherwise, i.e., inadvertently. Consequently, the &#8216;mens rea&#8217; factor is not an essential element if the facts of the export or the attempt to export are determined by the corroboration on hand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ISSUE_II-_%E2%80%9CPreparation_or_Attempt%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>ISSUE II- \u201cPreparation or Attempt\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>There are four elements at the beginning of an offense- Intention, Planning\/Preparation, Attempt, and Performance. The first two elements will not trigger culpability, but the third and fourth elements will unquestionably attract it. In the present context, if the interference had not occurred, the export would have been an accomplished act and in flagrant violation of the F.M.C. Order, the fertilizer bags would have been effectively taken to Maharashtra State.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CONCLUSION\"><\/span>CONCLUSION<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, the Trial Court and High Court are wrong in taking the view that mens rea needs to be proved. In 1967, these terms were introduced in section 7 in order to prevent people from avoiding prosecution and punishment on the grounds that the offenses were not committed intentionally and thus, it was not an instance of mere planning or preparation, that is, the defendants trying to obtain fertilizer bags from someone or attempting to employ a lorry (truck) to carry those bags to Maharashtra. Evidently, these were cases of attempted illicit export of fertilizer bags and not cases of simple preparation. Thus, the respondents were caught in the act of exporting.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exclusion of mens rea under Indian Penal Code written by Prapti Kothari student of Institute of Law, Nirma university STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH V. NARAYAN SINGH AND ORS., AIR 1989 SC 1789 MATERIAL FACTS OF THE CASE- Two Appeals involving the same questions of law were heard concurrently- The respondents, in the first appeal being [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":134,"featured_media":1664,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[69,26],"tags":[3011,3012,861,3013,3010,3014],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Exclusion of mens rea under Indian Penal Code - LexForti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exclusion of mens rea under Indian Penal Code written by Prapti Kothari student of Institute of Law, Nirma university\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lexforti.com\/legal-news\/exclusion-of-mens-rea-under-indian-penal-code\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exclusion of mens rea under Indian Penal Code - 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